Loss of DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes in the telomere region may cause cell senescence.
A chromosome's end contains a stretch of repeating DNA sequences known as a telomere.
Chromosome ends are shielded from fraying or tangling by telomeres. The telomeres get a little bit shorter every time a cell divides.
They eventually get so short that the cell can no longer successfully divide, and the cell then perishes.
With age, telomere length decreases. The health and lifespan of an individual are impacted by the progressive shortening of telomeres, which causes senescence, apoptosis, or oncogenic transformation of somatic cells.
Reduced survival and higher illness incidence have been linked to shorter telomeres.
Telomeres shrink by 50–200 bp with each somatic cell division cycle as a result of inadequate synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication.
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