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  • 22-10-2022
  • Mathematics
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Predicate Logic question

for each formula below, determine wherher it is true in model I and II. in detail, justify answers.

Squares are represented by P, circles by Q, and R is interpreted as "there is an arrow from node X to Y."

Question C please.

Predicate Logic question for each formula below determine wherher it is true in model I and II in detail justify answers Squares are represented by P circles by class=

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